History of the Construction of the MONAS National Monument

Jakarta National Monument

The National Monument or popularly abbreviated as Monas or Tugu Monas is a 132-meter (433 ft) memorial monument erected to commemorate the resistance and struggle of the Indonesian people to win independence from the Dutch East Indies colonial government. The construction of this monument began on August 17, 1961, under the order of President Sukarno, and was opened to the public on July 12, 1975. This monument is crowned with a flame covered with gold leaf which symbolizes the burning spirit of struggle. The National Monument is located right in the middle of Medan Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta. This monument and museum is open every day from 08.00 - 15.00 WIB. On Monday last week of every month is closed to the public.

The history

After the center of government of the Republic of Indonesia returned to Jakarta after previously being based in Yogyakarta in 1950 following the recognition of the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia by the Dutch government in 1949, President Soekarno began planning the construction of a national monument equivalent to the Eiffel Tower in the field right in front of the Merdeka Palace. The construction of the National Monument monument aims to commemorate and preserve the struggle of the Indonesian nation during the 1945 independence revolution so that it continues to inspire the next generation of inspiration and spirit of patriotism.

On August 17, 1954, a national committee was formed, and a national monument design competition was held in 1955. There were 51 works entered, but only one work made by Frederich Silaban met the criteria determined by the committee, which included depicting the character of the Indonesian nation and being able to survive for centuries. The second contest was held in 1960 but once again none of the 136 participants met the criteria. The head of the jury then asked Silaban to show his design to Sukarno. However, Sukarno did not like the design and he wanted the monument to be in the form of a phallus and a yoni. Silaban was then asked to design a monument with a theme like that, but the design submitted by Silaban was too extraordinary so the costs were very large and the state budget could not afford it, especially since the economic conditions at that time were quite bad. Silaban refused to design a smaller building and suggested that construction be delayed until Indonesia's economy improved.

Soekarno then asked the architect R.M. Soedarsono to resume the draft. Soedarsono included the numbers 17, 8, and 45, symbolizing the August 17, 1945 start of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, into the design of the monument. The National Memorial was then built in an area of ​​80 hectares. This monument was designed by Friedrich Silaban and R. M. Soedarsono, and construction began on August 17, 1961.

Development stage

Construction Inspection 1963-1964

The development consists of three stages. The first stage, the period 1961/1962-1964/1965 began with the official start of construction on August 17, 1961, with Sukarno ceremoniously driving the first concrete peg.

A total of 284 concrete pegs are used as the building foundation. A total of 360 pegs were implanted earth for the foundation of the national history museum. Overall laying of the foundations was completed in March 1962. The museum wall at the base of the building was completed in October. Construction of the obelisk then began and was finally completed in August 1963. The second phase of construction took place from 1966 to 1968 due to the 1965 September 30 Movement (G-30-S/PKI) and the coup attempt, this stage was delayed. The final stage took place from 1969-1976 by adding a diorama at the history museum. Although the construction has been completed, problem still occurs, such as a water leak that flooded the museum. Monument officially opened to the public and was inaugurated on July 12, 1975, by the President of the Republic of Indonesia Soeharto. The location of the construction of this monument is known as Medan Merdeka. Monas Field has changed its name five times, namely Gambir Field, Ikada Field, Merdeka Square, Monas Square, and Monas Park. Around the monument, there is a garden, two ponds, and several open fields where exercise. On holidays, Medan Merdeka is filled with visitors who enjoy the views of the Monas Monument and carry out various activities in the park.

Design the National Monument Building

Monas is in the Development Stage

The design of the Monas Monument is based on the concept of an eternal universal pair; Linga and Yoni. The towering obelisk is the phallus which symbolizes men, the masculine element which is active and positive and symbolizes daylight. While the court of the obelisk base is Yoni which symbolizes women, the passive and negative feminine elements, and symbolizes the night.

Linga and yoni are symbols of fertility and harmonious unity that complement each other since prehistoric Indonesia. Besides that, the shape of the Monas Monument can also be interpreted as a pair of "pestle" and "Lesung", a rice pounder found in every traditional Indonesian farming household. Thus the design of Monas is full of dimensions typical of Indonesian culture. The monument consists of a 117.7-meter obelisk on a 17-meter-high square platform, the courtyard of the cup. This monument is covered with Italian marble.

The 25 x 25-meter pond in Medan Merdeka Utara Park was designed as part of the air conditioning system as well as to enhance the appearance of Monas Park. Nearby there is a fountain and a statue of Prince Diponegoro riding his horse, made of bronze weighing 8 tons. The statue was created by the Italian sculptor, Prof. Coberlato as a donation by the Honorary Consulate General, Dr. Mario Bross in Indonesia. The entrance to Monas is in the Medan Merdeka Utara park near the Prince Diponegoro statue.

The entrance is through a tunnel that is 3 m below the park and crosses the National Monument, the entrance for visitors to the Monas monument. The ticket booth is at the end of the tunnel. When visitors climb back to ground level on the north side of the National Monument, visitors can continue to walk around looking at the reliefs of the history of Indonesia's struggle; in the museum of national history through the door in the northeast corner, or straight up into the middle towards the independence of the courts or the elevator to the top of the monument.

Indonesian History Relief

At each corner of the outer courtyard surrounding the monument, there are reliefs depicting Indonesian history. This relief begins in the northeast corner by perpetuating the glory of the Archipelago in the past; displays the history of Singhasari and Majapahit.

This relief continues chronologically clockwise to the southeast, southwest, and northwest corners. Chronologically depicting the Dutch colonial period, the resistance of the Indonesian people and Indonesian national heroes, the formation of modern organizations fighting for Indonesia's independence in the early 20th century, the Youth Pledge, the Japanese Occupation, and World War II, the proclamation of Indonesian independence followed by the Revolution and the Republican War of Independence. Indonesia, until it reaches the development period of modern Indonesia. These reliefs and statues are made of cement with a pipe or metal framework, but some of the statues and statues look unkempt and damaged due to rain and tropical weather.

Historical Diorama Museum

At the base of the monument at a depth of 3 meters below ground level, there is the Indonesian National History Museum. The large space of the national struggle history museum with an area of ​​80 x 80 meters, can accommodate visitors of around 500 people. This large marble-lined room has 48 dioramas on all four sides and 3 dioramas in the middle, making a total of 51 dioramas. This diorama shows the history of Indonesia from pre-history to the New Order period. This diorama starts from the northeast corner moving clockwise through the history of Indonesia; starting from prehistoric times, the times of ancient empires such as Sriwijaya and Majapahit, followed by the European colonialism followed by the resistance of the pre-independence national heroes against the VOC and the Dutch East Indies government. The dioramas continued until the time of the early 20th-century Indonesian national movement, the Japanese occupation, the war of independence, and the revolutionary period, until the New Order era during the Suharto era.

View of the City of Jakarta from the top of the National Monument

 

Baca Selengkapnya

The Heroes of the Revolution in Indonesia

Pancasila Sakti Monument - Crocodile Hole - Jakarta

Hero of the Revolution is a title given to a number of military officers who died in the G30S tragedy that occurred in Jakarta and Yogyakarta on September 30, 1965. Since the enactment of Law Number 20 of 2009, this title has also been recognized as a National Hero. These heroes include:

1. General Ahmad Yani

TNI General Posthumous Ahmad Yani (also spelled Achmad Yani; born in Purworejo, Central Java, 19 June 1922 - died in Lubang Buaya, Jakarta, 1 October 1965 at the age of 43) was the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and was killed by members of the September 30 while trying to kidnap him from his home.

Ahmad Yani was born in Jenar, Purworejo, Central Java on 19 June 1922 into the Wongsoredjo family, a family that worked in a sugar factory run by a Dutch owner. In 1927, Yani moved with his family to Batavia, where his father now worked for the Dutch General. In Batavia, Yani worked his way through primary and secondary education. In 1940, Yani left high school to undergo military service in the colonial government's Dutch East Indies army. He studied military topography in Malang, East Java, but this education was interrupted by the arrival of Japanese troops in 1942. At the same time, Yani and his family moved back to Central Java.

In 1943, he joined the Japanese-sponsored Peta (Defenders of the Homeland) army and underwent further training in Magelang. After completing this training, Yani requested to be trained as a Peta platoon commander and was transferred to Bogor, West Java to receive training. When finished, he was sent back to Magelang as an instructor.

Military Career

After Independence Yani joined the fledgling republican army and fought against the Dutch. During the first months after the Declaration of Independence, Yani formed a battalion with himself as Commander and led it to victory against the British in Magelang. Yani then followed this up by successfully defending Magelang against the Dutch when it tried to take over the city, earning him the nickname "Savior of Magelang". Another notable highlight of Yani's career during this period was the series of guerilla offensives he launched in early 1949 to distract the Dutch whilst Lieutenant Colonel Suharto prepared for the 1 March General Offensive to be directed at Yogyakarta.

After Indonesian independence was recognized by the Dutch, Yani was transferred to Tegal, Central Java. In 1952, he was called back to action against Darul Islam, a rebel group that was trying to establish a theocracy in Indonesia. To deal with this rebel group, Yani formed a special forces group called The Bull Raiders. The decision to summon Yani paid dividends and over the next 3 years, Darul Islam forces in Central Java suffered one defeat after another.

In December 1955, Yani left for the United States to study at the Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Texas. Returning in 1956, Yani was transferred to the Army Headquarters in Jakarta where he became a member of the General staff to Abdul Haris Nasution. At Army Headquarters, Yani served as Logistics Assistant to the Army Chief of Staff before becoming Deputy Army Chief of Staff for Organization and Personnel.

In August 1958, he ordered Operation 17 August against the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia rebels in West Sumatra. His troops managed to recapture Padang and Bukit Tinggi, and this success led to his being promoted to deputy head of the 2nd Army of staff on 1 September 1962, and then Chief of the Army Staff on 13 November 1963 (automatically becoming a member of the cabinet), replacing General Nasution.

End of life

As President, Soekarno moved closer to the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) in the early '60s. Yani, who was fiercely anti-communist, became very wary of the PKI, especially after this party declared its support for the creation of a fifth force (besides the four armed forces and the police) and Sukarno tried to impose his Nasakom (Nationalism-Religion-Communism) doctrine on the military. Both Yani and Nasution procrastinated when ordered by Sukarno on 31 May 1965 to prepare plans to arm the people.

In the early hours of 1 October 1965, the 30 September Movement attempted to kidnap seven members of the Army general staff. A team of about 200 people surrounded Yani's house at Jalan Latuhahary No. 6 on the outskirts of Jakarta Menteng, Central Jakarta. Usually, Yani had eleven soldiers guarding his home. His wife later reported that a week earlier an additional six men had been assigned to him. These men were from the command of Colonel Latief, who Yani knew, was one of the main plotters in the 30 September Movement. According to Yani's wife, the additional men did not appear for duty that night. Yani and his children were sleeping in his house while his wife was out celebrating her birthday with a group of friends and relatives. She later recounted that as she was leaving the house at around 11pm, she saw someone sitting across the street as if keeping the house under surveillance. He didn't think anything of it at the time, but after the events of that morning, he wondered differently. Also, from about 9 o'clock on the evening of September 30, there were a number of phone calls to the house at intervals, which when answered would either be met with silence or a voice would ask what time it was. The calls continued until about 1am and Mrs. Yani said she had a hunch something was wrong that night.

Yani spent the night with several meetings, at 7 pm he received a colonel from KOTI, the Supreme Operations Command. General Basuki Rahmat, divisional commander in East Java, then arrived from his base in Surabaya. Basuki came to Jakarta to report to Yani on his concerns about increasing communist activity in East Java. Complimenting his report, Yani asked him to accompany him to a meeting the next day with the President to present his report.

When the kidnappers came to Yani's house and told him that he would be brought before the president, he asked for time to shower and change. When the kidnapper refused he became angry, slapped one of the kidnapping soldiers, and tried to close his front door. One of the kidnappers then opened fire, killing him spontaneously. His body was taken to Lubang Buaya on the outskirts of Jakarta and, along with those of the other slain generals, hidden in a disused well.

Yani's body, and those of the other victims, were exhumed on October 4, and all were given a state funeral the following day, before being buried at the Heroes Cemetery in Kalibata. On the same day, Yani and his colleagues were officially declared Heroes of the Revolution by Presidential Decree No. 111/KOTI/1965 and were posthumously raised in rank from Lieutenant General to 4th star general (Indonesian: General Posthumous).

Yani's mother and children moved out of the house after Yani's death. Yani's mother helped turn their former home into a public museum which stands mostly as it was in October 1965, including the bullet holes in the doors and walls, and with the furnishings of the house then. Currently, many cities in Indonesia have roads named after Yani. In addition, his name is immortalized for Achmad Yani International Airport in Semarang.

2. Lieutenant General Suprapto

Lieutenant General TNI Posthumous R. Suprapto (born in Purwokerto, Central Java, 20 June 1920 - died in Lubang Buaya, Jakarta, 1 October 1965 at the age of 45) was an Indonesian national hero. He was one of the victims of the G30SPKI and was buried at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery, in Jakarta.

Suprapto, who was born in Purwokerto, on June 20, 1920, is arguably almost the same age as Commander-in-Chief Sudirman. He was only four years younger than the Great Commander. His formal education after graduating from MULO (junior high school level) was AMS (senior high school level) Part B in Yogyakarta which he completed in 1941.

Around that year the Dutch East Indies government declared a militia in connection with the outbreak of the Second World War. It was then that he entered military education at the Koninklijke Militaire Akademie in Bandung. He could not complete this education until he was finished because the Japanese troops had rushed to land in Indonesia. By the Japanese, he was captured and imprisoned, but then he managed to escape.

After his escape from prison, he filled his time by taking courses at the Youth Training Center, body and mind training, and syuisyintai. And after that, he worked in the Community Education Office.

At the beginning of independence, he was one of those who participated in the struggle and managed to seize weapons from the Japanese troops in Cilacap. After that, he later joined the People's Security Army in Purwokerto. That was the first time he officially entered the army, because before that, even though he had participated in the struggle against the Japanese army, such as in Cilacap, that struggle was only a people's struggle carried out by the Indonesian people in general.

While in the People's Security Army (TKR), he made history by participating in the battle in Ambarawa against the British army. At that time, his troops were led directly by Commander Sudirman. He was also one of the assistants of the Commander in Chief.

After Indonesia received recognition of sovereignty, he often changed assignments. First of all, he was assigned as Head of Army and Territorial Staff (T&T) IV/ Diponegoro in Semarang. From Semarang, he was then drawn to Jakarta to become an Army Staff, then to the Ministry of Defence. And after the PRRI/Permesta rebellion died down, he was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army for the Sumatra region based in Medan. While in Medan, his task was very heavy because he had to keep the rebellion like before from happening again.

3. Lieutenant General MT. Haryono

Lieutenant General TNI Posthumous Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono (born in Surabaya, East Java, January 20, 1924 - died in Lubang Buaya, Jakarta, October 1, 1965, at the age of 41) was one of the heroes of the Indonesian revolution who was killed in the G30S incident. He was buried at TMP Kalibata - Jakarta.

The three-star general who was born in Surabaya, on January 20, 1924, previously received his education at ELS (elementary school level) and then passed on to HBS (generally high school level). After graduating from HBS, he entered Ika Dai Gakko (a medical school during the Japanese occupation) in Jakarta but did not graduate.

When the independence of the Republic of Indonesia was proclaimed, he, who was in Jakarta, immediately joined other youths to fight for independence. At the same time, he continued this struggle by joining the People's Security Army (TKR). At the start of his appointment, he earned the rank of Major.

During the war to defend independence, namely between 1945 and 1950, he was often transferred. First of all, he was placed in the Liaison Office, then as Secretary of the Indonesian Delegation in negotiations with the British and the Dutch. Once he was also appointed as Secretary of the State Defense Council and at another time as Permanent Representative to the Ministry of Defense for Armistice Affairs. And when the Round Table Conference (KMB) was held, he was the Secretary of the Indonesian Military Delegation.

4. Lieutenant General S. Parman

Lieutenant General TNI Posthumously Siswondo Parman (born in Wonosobo, Central Java, August 4, 1918, died in Lubang Buaya, Jakarta, October 1, 1965, at the age of 47) or better known as S. Parman was one of the heroes of the Indonesian revolution and Indonesian military figure. He died during the events of the September 30th Movement and was awarded the posthumous title of Lieutenant General. He was buried at TMP Kalibata, Jakarta.

Parman was an intelligence officer, so he knew a lot about PKI activities. He was one of the officers who rejected the PKI's plan to form a Fifth Army consisting of workers and peasants. His rejection and his position as an intelligence official who knew a lot about the PKI made him the victim of being kidnapped by the Tjakrabirawa Regiment led by Serma Satar. It is suspected that his kidnapping was arranged by his own older brother, namely Ir. Sakirman was a high-ranking official at the PKI CC Politburo at that time.

Background

The general education he has attended elementary school, high school, and the College of Medicine. But before completing his doctorate, the Japanese army had occupied the Republic so he did not even reach the title of doctor.

After not being able to continue medical school, he worked for the Bureau of Kempeitai. There he was suspected by the Japanese so he was arrested, but not long after that, he was released again. After that, he was instead sent to Japan to study under Kenpei Kasya Butai. Upon returning to his homeland he returned to work at the Kempeitai Bureau.

His early career in the military began with joining the People's Security Army (TKR), namely the Indonesian Army which was formed after the proclamation of independence. At the end of December 1945, he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Army Police Headquarters (PT) in Yogyakarta.

During the Second Dutch Military Aggression, he also fought in guerrilla warfare. In December 1949, he was assigned as Chief of Staff for the Military Governor of Greater Jakarta. One of his successes at that time was uncovering the secrets of the Ratu Adil Armed Forces (APRA) movement, which was going to carry out its operations in Jakarta under the leadership of Westerling. Furthermore, in March 1950, he was appointed chief of Staff G. And a year later sent to the United States to attend education at the Military Police School.

Upon returning from the United States, he was assigned to the Ministry of Defense for some time and then was appointed Military Attache of the Republic of Indonesia in London, England in 1959. Five years later, namely in 1964, he was assigned the role of Assistant I Minister/Commander of the Army (Men/Pangad ) with the rank of Major General.

When he was Assistant I Minister/Commander of the Army (Men/Pangad), the influence of the PKI was also rife in Indonesia. This Communist Party feels close to President Soekarno and some people have been influenced. However, as an intelligence officer, S. Parman previously had much knowledge of the secret activities of the PKI. So when the PKI proposed that the workers and peasants be armed or what was called the Fifth Force. He along with most of the other Army Officers rejected the suggestion which had ulterior motives. It was on this basis that the PKI later despised him. And finally, when the G30S incident occurred, he became a victim because he was one of the enemies of the PKI. S. Parman was kidnapped from his house, killed at Lubang Buaya, and hidden in the Lubang Buaya well.

5. Major General Pandjaitan

Major General TNI Posthumous Donald Isaac Panjaitan (born in Balige, North Sumatra, 19 June 1925 - died in Lubang Buaya, Jakarta, 1 October 1965 at the age of 40) was one of the heroes of the Indonesian revolution. He was buried at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery, Jakarta.

Panjaitan was born in Balige, Tapanuli, June 19, 1925. His formal education started in elementary school, then entered junior high school, and finally at senior high school. When he graduated from high school, Indonesia was under Japanese occupation. So when he entered the military he had to take Gyugun training. After training, he was assigned as a Gyugun member in Pekanbaru, Riau until Indonesia declared its independence.

When Indonesia won independence, he and other youths formed the People's Security Army (TKR) which later became the TNI. At TKR, he was first assigned as a battalion commander, then became the Education Commander of the IX/Banteng Division in Bukittinggi in 1948. Then he became Chief of General Staff IV (Supply) of the Sumatran Army Command. And when the Dutch Troops carried out their Second Military Aggression, he was appointed as the Leader of the Supplies for the Struggle of the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI).

Along with the end of the Second Dutch Military Aggression, Indonesia also received recognition of sovereignty. Panjaitan himself was later appointed Chief of Staff for Army and Territory Operations (T&T) I Bukit Barisan in Medan. Then he was transferred again to Palembang to become Head of Staff of T & T II/Sriwijaya.

After attending the Military Attache (Milat) course in 1956, he was assigned as the Indonesian Military Attache in Bonn, West Germany. When his term of service ended as Military Attache, he returned to Indonesia. But not long after that, namely in 1962, this officer who had studied at the Associated Command and General Staff College, United States of America, was appointed Assistant IV to the Minister/Commander of the Army (Men/Pangad). This was the last position he held when the G 30/S PKI incident occurred.

When he served as Assistant IV to the Men/Army Commander, he made a special achievement for his success in uncovering the secrets of arms shipments from the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the PKI. From there it was known that the weapons were put in crates of building materials to be used in the construction of the Conejo (Conference of the New Emerging Forces) building. The weapons were needed by the PKI, which was actively preparing to launch an uprising.

In the early hours of 1 October 1965, a group of members of the 30 September Movement left Lubang Buaya on the outskirts of Jakarta. They forced the gates of Panjaitan's house on Jalan Hasanudin, Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta, shot and killed one of the servants sleeping on the ground floor of the two-story house, and called for Panjaitan to come downstairs. Two youths namely Albert Naiborhu and Viktor Naiborhu were seriously injured during resistance when D.I. Panjaitan was kidnapped, and not long after that Albert died. After the attacker threatened his family, Panjaitan came down in full uniform while surrendering to God Almighty to fulfill the call of duty which was manipulated by the PKI mob, and shot dead. his body was loaded into a truck and brought back to the movement's headquarters in Crocodile Hole. Later, the body and those of his murdered comrades were hidden in an old well. The bodies were found on October 4, and all were given a state funeral the following day. Panjaitan was given a posthumous promotion to Major General and made a Hero of the Revolution.

6. Major General Sutoyo Siswomiharjo

Major General TNI Posthumous Sutoyo Siswomiharjo (born in Kebumen, Central Java, August 28, 1922. died in Lubang Buaya, Jakarta, October 1, 1965, at the age of 43) was a high-ranking TNI-AD officer who was kidnapped and later killed in the events of the 30 September Movement in Indonesia.

Sutoyo was born in Kebumen, Central Java. He finished school before the Japanese invasion in 1942, and during the Japanese occupation, he studied government administration in Jakarta. He then worked as a government employee in Purworejo but resigned in 1944.

After the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945, Sutoyo joined the People's Security Army Police (TKR), the forerunner of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. This later became the Indonesian Military Police. In June 1946, he was appointed adjutant to Colonel Gatot Soebroto, commander of the Military Police. He steadily rose through the ranks within the Military Police, and in 1954 he became chief of staff at Military Police Headquarters. He held this position for two years before being appointed assistant military attache at the Indonesian embassy in London. After training at the Army Staff and Command College in Bandung from 1959 to 1960, he was appointed Army Inspector of Justice, then due to his legal experience, in 1961 he became judicial inspector/chief military prosecutor.

In the early hours of 1 October 1965, members of the 30 September Movement led by Sergeant Major Surono entered Sutoyo's house on Jalan Sumenep, Menteng, Central Jakarta. They entered through the garage at the side of the house. They forced the maid to hand over the key, entered the house, and said that Sutoyo had been summoned by President Sukarno. They then took him to their base at Crocodile Hole. There, he was killed and his body thrown into a disused well. Like those of his other murdered colleagues, his body was recovered on 4 October and he was given a state funeral the following day. He was posthumously promoted to Major General and made a Hero of the Revolution.

7. Captain Pierre Tendean

Posthumous CZI Captain Pierre Andreas Tendean (born 21 February 1939 - died 1 October 1965 at the age of 26) was an Indonesian military officer who was one of the victims of the 30 September Movement in 1965. He began his military career by becoming an intelligence officer and was later appointed as adjutant General Abdul Haris Nasution with the rank of the first lieutenant, he was promoted to captain posthumously after his death. Tendean was buried at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery and along with six other G30S victim officers, he was declared a Hero of the Indonesian Revolution on October 5, 1965.

Pierre Andreas Tendean was born to Dr. A.L Tendean, a doctor with Minahasa blood, and Cornet M.E, an Indo woman with French blood, on 21 February 1939 in Batavia (now Jakarta), Dutch East Indies. Pierre was the second of three children; his brother and sister respectively named Mitze Farre and Rooswidiati. Tendean attended elementary school in Magelang, then continued his junior and senior high school studies in Semarang where his father served. Since childhood, he really wanted to become a soldier and enter a military academy, but his parents wanted him to become a doctor like his father or an engineer. Because of his strong determination, he managed to join the Army Engineering Academy (ATEKAD) in Bandung in 1958.

After graduating from the military academy in 1962 with the rank of second lieutenant, Tendean became the Platoon Commander of the Combat Engineering Battalion 2 Kodam II/Bukit Barisan in Medan. A year later, he attended an intelligence school in Bogor. After graduating from there, he was assigned to the Central Intelligence Service of the Army (DIPIAD) to become a spy for Malaysia in connection with the confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia; he was in charge of leading a group of volunteers in several areas to infiltrate Malaysia. On April 15, 1965, Tendean was promoted to the first lieutenant and assigned as adjutant to General Abdul Haris Nasution.

On the morning of 1 October 1965, troops from the 30 September Movement (G30S) came to Nasution's house with the aim of kidnapping him. Tendean, who was sleeping in the back room of General Nasution's house, was awakened by the sound of gunshots and commotion and immediately ran to the front of the house. He was caught by the G30S mob who mistook him for Nasution because the house was dark. Nasution himself managed to escape by jumping over a fence. Tendean was then taken to a house in the Crocodile Hole area with six other high-ranking officers. He was shot dead and his body was thrown into an old well with the bodies of six other officers.

Tendean and six other officers were buried at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery, in Jakarta. To appreciate his services, Tendean was awarded the title Hero of the Indonesian Revolution on October 5, 1965, based on Presidential Decree No. RI. 111/KOTI/Tahun 1965. After his death, he was posthumously promoted to captain. A number of streets are also named after him, including Manado, Balikpapan, and Jakarta

8. AIP Karel Satsuit Tubun

Adjutant Police Inspector Two Posthumously Karel Satsuitubun (born in Southeast Maluku, October 14, 1928, died in Jakarta, October 1, 1965, at the age of 36 years) is an Indonesian national hero who was one of the victims of the September 30 Movement in 1965. He was the bodyguard of J, Leimena. He was buried at TMP Kalibata, Jakarta. Because he was a victim of the September 30th Movement, he was made a Hero of the Revolution.

Karel Satsuitubun' was born in Tual, Southeast Maluku on October 14, 1928. When he was an adult he decided to join the POLRI. He was also accepted, then attended Police Education. After graduating, he was placed in the Ambon Mobile Brigade Unit with the rank of Police Agent Class Two, or now Bhayangkara Dua Police. He was also drawn to Jakarta and has the rank of First Class Police Agent or now Bhayangkara One Police. When Bung Karno announced the Trikora, which demanded that West Irian be returned to Indonesia from Dutch hands. Immediately a Military Operation was carried out, and he also participated in the struggle. After West Irian was successfully returned, he was given the task of guarding the residence of the Deputy Prime Minister, Dr. J. Leimena in Jakarta. Gradually he rose to the rank of Police Brigadier.

Because he considered the leadership of the Army as the main obstacle to his goals. So the PKI planned to kidnap and kill a number of army officers who were considered to be hindering its aspirations. One of the targets was General A.H. Nasution, who is next door to Dr. J.Leimena. The movement started when he got the morning guard duty. So, he took himself to sleep. The kidnappers came, first they locked up Dr.'s house guards. J.Leimena. Because he heard the noise, K. Satsutubun woke up with a gun and he tried to shoot the PKI gang. Unfortunately, the mob also shot him. Because it was unbalanced, K.satsuitubun died instantly after the kidnapper's bullet penetrated his body.

For all his services so far, as well as being a victim of the September 30th Movement, the government included him as one of the Heroes of the Indonesian Revolution, along with General Ahmad Yani, Lt. Gen. R. Suprapto, Lt. Gen. M.T. Haryono, Lieutenant General S. Parman, Major General Sutoyo, Major General D.I. Pandjaitan, Brigadier General Katamso, Colonel Sugiono and CZI Captain Pierre Tendean. In addition, he was also promoted to Assistant Inspector Two Police. His name is also now immortalized as the name of a Republic of Indonesia Warship from the Ahmad Yani class frigate with the name KRI Karel Satsuitubun.

The Indonesian government pays tribute to Halim's services and struggle, by conferring the title of National Hero and immortalizing his name at Karel Satsuitubun Airport in Pelabuhan Ratu. The government also immortalized his name on the KRI Karel Satsuitubun warship.

9. Brigadier General Katamso Darmokusumo
Brigadier General Katamso Darmokusumo Posthumously (born in Sragen, Central Java, on 5 February 1923 died in Yogyakarta, on 1 October 1965 at the age of 42) is one of Indonesia's national heroes. Katamso was one of the figures who were killed in the events of the September 30th Movement. He was buried at the Kusuma Negara Heroes Cemetery, Yogyakarta.








10. Colonel Sugiono

Colonel Infantry (Posthumously) R. Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto (born in Gedaren, Sumbergiri, Ponjong, Gunung Kidul, August 12, 1926, died in Kentungan, Yogyakarta, October 1, 1965, at the age of 39) was an Indonesian hero who was a victim of the 30th Movement September.

Cabbage. Sugiyono is married to Supriyati. They had six sons; R. Erry Guthomo (b. 1954), R. Agung Pramuji (b. 1956), R. Haryo Guritno (b. 1958), R. Danny Nugroho (b. 1960), R. Budi Winoto (b. 1962), and R. Ganis Priyono (b. 1963); and one daughter, Rr. Sugiarti Takarina (b. 1965), was born after her father died. The name Sugiarti Takarina was given by President Soekarno. He was buried at TMP Semaki, Yogyakarta.

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Jepara Bandengan Beach, Beach Tourism With Amazing Enchantment

Bandengan Beach Jepara - This is a beach tourist destination located in the north of Jepara Regency, Central Java. This beach, which is located on the north coast of Java, is a tourist attraction that has quite an amazing natural panorama with wide stretches of white sand and relatively calm waves. Bandengan Beach or also known as Tirta Samudera beach is a leading tourist object in the city of Jepara, every holiday season arrives, this beach is always crowded with tourists, both local and foreign tourists.

In the Bandengan Beach Tourism Area, Jepara, you will be presented with an amazing view of its wide stretch of white sand combined with thick pandan trees or shrubs along the coast of Bandengan Beach. This beach has a sloping beach structure and clear and clean water which is no less attractive than the beaches on the island of Bali.

The relatively calm beach wave conditions make Bandengan Beach a fun beach destination for swimming or just playing in the water around the beach, besides that you will be presented with a unique view that is rarely found on any beach, namely you can see small fish swimming in the water without having to dive.

Besides being able to enjoy the natural surroundings of the Bandengan Beach Tourist Area, you can also visit an island which is located in the middle of the Bandengan beach sea, the island is Panjang Island. On this island, you will be presented with quite beautiful natural scenery with a diversity of flora and fauna. If you want to visit this island, you can rent a boat or boat at a cost that is not too expensive.

Access to Bandengan Beach, Jepara

As a famous beach resort in the Jepara region, access to the Bandengan Tourism Area is not too difficult. The Jepara District Government has provided various road facilities and transportation options to get to Bandengan Beach. From any city, for example, if you are from Semarang, Kudus, Demak, Purwodadi, or another, just go straight to the Jepara bus terminal. From the bus terminal, you can simply take public transportation that goes directly to Bandengan Beach at a fare that is not too expensive.

Bandengan Beach Tourism Object Facilities

To support the convenience for visitors to the Bandengan Beach Tourism Area, the management of this beach tour has set up various facilities such as resort lodges, restaurants, toilet facilities, swimming equipment, and other equipment to support visitor activities.

This is a glimpse of Bandengan Japara Beach, hopefully, it can be a reference for you to get to know more about Bandengan Jepara Beach, Beach Tourism with Amazing Enchantments. Hope it is useful.

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Parangtritis Beach, Yogyakarta, Beach Tourism Full of Myths

Parangtritis Beach Tourism Object - Parangtritis Beach is one of the most popular beach tourism destinations in Yogyakarta, apart from other beach tourism objects such as Baron, Kukup, Krakal, and Glagah beaches. The panorama of Parangtritis Beach, which is famous for its big waves, is the hallmark of this beach. Apart from that, there are two things that make Parangtritis Beach lively talked about, namely the beautiful scenery around the beach when the sun sets at dusk and the existence of the myth of Nyai Roro Kidul, many people believe the beach Parangtritis is the gate of the magical kingdom of Nyai Roro Kidul who controls the southern sea.

Apart from that, the Parangtritis Beach Tourism Area in Yogyakarta is also famous for its sand dunes or commonly called dunes. Usually, in the dry season, the wind blows faster, and the waves reach an average of two to three meters high. As a well-known beach tourism area, Parangtritis Beach is managed quite well by the Regional Government of Bantul Regency. Starting from lodging facilities to markets selling typical souvenirs in Parangtritis.

Parangtritis Beach Tourism Area is only 27 km from the center of Jogjakarta City. To reach Parangtritis, you can use a private car or public transportation, namely the city bus. For those who choose public transportation, you can take it from the Umbulharjo terminal. There are two route options: via Imogiri-Siluk or Kretek. If you want to spoil your eyes while traveling, choose the Imogiri-Siluk route. Via the Imogiri-Siluk route, you will pass the royal family cemetery and be treated to a beautiful and unique view of the limestone hills. But if you want to get to Parangtritis quickly, choose the Kretek route.

With only an entrance fee of IDR.10,000,- there are lots of things to do in Parangtritis. Seeing the sunset is one of the most desirable. Therefore, the best time to go to this Yogyakarta Parangtritis Beach Tourism Object is at dusk. The romantic dim twilight of Parangtritis is also often used by the prospective bride and groom couples as a background for pre-wedding photos. There is also a buggy service that will take you along the smooth sand surface of Parangtritis. If you prefer to ride the horse directly, you can also go to a horse rental service.

Kite games can also be an option if you want to get a more relaxed atmosphere. The strong wind in the Parangtritis Beach area can help you fly a kite. Even beginners who have never played a kite will fly their kites easily with the help of the Parangtritis wind. Naturally, Parangtritis is often used as the location for kite festivals. For those with an adventurous spirit, ATV (All Terrain Vehicle) is worth a try. With an ATV, you can conquer the dunes along the coast. ATV rental costs around IDR 50,000 to IDR 100,000 per half hour.

As a warning to visitors at Parangtritis Beach, because of the ferocity of the waves, visitors to Parangtritis Beach are not recommended to swim because it is very dangerous. However, on the beach, there are public bathing facilities. Among them is the Parang Wedang bath whose water is said to be able to treat various skin diseases. This is because the water in the baths contains sulfur.

The strong myth of Nyai Rara Kidul also creates its own exoticism in Parangtritis. Ceremonies are often held to honor Nyai Rara Kidul. By the Kraton of Yogyakarta, Parangtritis was used as a place for the Labuhan ceremony. Almost every Friday Kliwon and Kliwon Tuesday night, local fishermen and visitors perform a ritual ceremony at Parangtritis. The ritual event is marked by throwing offerings and colorful flowers into the sea. The peak occurs on the night of 1 Suro, and two to three days after Idul Fitri and Idul Adha.

Thus a brief review of Parangtritis Beach, all information regarding this tourist attraction is summarized from various sources. I hope this can be a reference for you to get to know more closely the Beauty of the Natural Panorama Tourism Object in Parangtritis Beach, Yogyakarta. Hope it is useful.

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Pacitan Klayar Beach, Beach Tourism With Its Exotic Natural Panorama

Klayar Beach Tourism Pacitan - Klayar Beach is one of the beach tourist destinations in Pacitan Regency which offers exotic natural charm with its wide expanse of white sand combined with sphinx-like rocks, perforated corals, sea flutes, and natural fountains that appear up to 10 meters high meters which makes Klayar Pacitan Beach have a very beautiful natural charm that is second to none.

Klayar Beach Tourism Area Pacitan is located approximately 45 km west of Pacitan and can be reached by motorbike or private car. When traveling to Klayar beach visitors will be faced with a challenge that will stimulate adrenaline because the road is narrow and damaged in several parts, with sharp turns, and routes up and down hills. There are several sections with quite extreme climbs and descents. However, the scenic beauty of the green hills and valleys will accompany you all the way to the Klayar Beach Area.

The Klayar Pacitan Beach Tourism Area can be said to be a beach that is very suitable for surfing. At certain times, the waves at Klayar Beach are perfect for surfing. In addition, the panoramic view of the beach which is so blue with sand that is so soft will make tourists feel at home for a long on this beach.

Apart from that, the Klayar Pacitan Beach Tourism Object also has large rocks that can be climbed. It is suitable to be used as a location for treatment, both for pre-wedding. The wind that blows hard over the rocks makes you even more carried away enjoying the charm of this Klayar Beach Tour. From the top of these rocks, you can also see the boundless expanse of the blue sea accompanied by the sound of waves crashing on the rocks. see also Nampu Beach, Exotic Wonogiri Beach Tourism.

Route to the Klayar Beach Pacitan Tourism Area

If you are from Pacitan City Center, you can reach it by motorbike or car for 3 hours. The means of transportation used to go to the Klayar beach tourism object are generally only available in the morning together with local residents when going to the market in Pringkuku sub-district except for motorcycle taxis.

If you are from Yogyakarta, there are several routes that can be taken to get to the Klayar beach tourist area, but the fastest and highly recommended route is to follow the route from the Yogyakarta Gunung Kidul district through the Wonosari area to Klayar beach in Pacitan, it only takes about 2 .5 hours only. To make travel easier, it is best to use a motorbike as a means of transportation, because the road to be traversed is quite winding and narrow, so using a car will slow down the journey. The route to Pacitan from Gunung Kidul Wonosari is as follows: Wonosari – Pathuk – Wonosari City – Pracimantoro – Giri department – ​​Border of Central Java and East Java – Punung – Klayar Beach.

Meanwhile, from the direction of Solo, take the destination to Pracimantoro District, continue the journey until the Giriembel T-junction, then turn right where there is a long climb with a radical slope. Continue the journey until the Kalak intersection. With moderate speed, from Kalak it only takes one hour to arrive at the Klayar Beach Tourism Object

This is a glimpse of Klayar Pacitan Beach, hopefully, it can be a reference for you to get to know more about Klayar Pacitan Beach, Beach Tourism with Exotic Natural Panoramas. Hope it is useful.

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Indrayanti Beach Gunungkidul, Jogja Beach Tourism with Balinese Nuances

Indrayanti Beach Tourism Object - Gunungkidul Regency is very famous for its unspoiled beaches, such as kukup, krakal, and Baron beaches. From several beach tourism destinations in Gunungkidul Regency, there is a beach that has an atmosphere like in Bali. What beach is that? The answer is Indrayanti Beach. On the Indrayanti Gunung Kidul Beach Tourism, there are restaurants and cottages lined up neatly so that it gives the impression of their own beauty at Indrayanti Beach.

The Indrayanti Gunungkidul Beach Tourism Object has a different concept compared to the beaches in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta. Even though they both have stretches of white sand and coral rocks, Indrayanti Beach has a different feel, one might say Kuta Beach, Yogyakarta. To attract tourists, both foreign and local, the management has given a touch that looks modern, this can be seen in the location arrangement and the provision of facilities to support the comfort of visitors in the Indrayanti Beach Tourism Area, Gunung Kidul.

When you enter the location of the Indrayanti Jogja Beach Tourism Area, you will be spoiled with a variety of restaurants that are neatly lined up along the beach, not to mention the white sand and coral reefs that make the Enchantment of Indrayanti Beach look more beautiful which you will never find on the beaches - beach in Gunungkidul Regency.

In addition, another modern concept offered at the Indrayanti Beach Tourism Object is the existence of jet ski rental facilities for beach visitors. And one thing to note, never litters, because you will be fined IDR 10,000, so don't be surprised if Indrayanti Beach looks clean and neat.

Other supporting facilities are the seven cottages which are located around the beach. The place is very comfortable because during our stay we can enjoy the atmosphere of the beach at night. To stay at the cottage, we only need to pay IDR. 300,000 – IDR. 600,000 per night.

The name Indrayanti itself comes from the name of the beach manager. The beach located in the Tepus District includes the east coast of Gunungkidul Regency. Indrayanti Beach is currently phenomenal. Many tourists come from Yogyakarta and the surrounding area.

Getting to the location of the Indrayanti Beach Tourism Area is quite easy because the access road to the beach is paved. But it is advisable for tourists to bring their own vehicles because at the Indrayanti Beach Tourism location there is no special transportation to get to the beach location. Meanwhile, the entrance ticket is IDR. 5,000, both for private cars and minibusses. Read also Baron Gunungkidul Beach, Enjoying Exotic Underground River Estuaries

This is a brief review of Indrayanti Beach, hopefully, it can be a reference for you to get to know more about Indrayanti Beach, Gunungkidul, and Jogja Beach Tourism with Balinese Nuances. Thank you and hope it is helpful.

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Baron Gunung Kidul Beach, Enjoying the Estuary of an Exotic Underground River

Baron Beach Tourism Object - Baron Beach is one of the beach attractions in Gunungkidul which offers the charm of its natural beauty which is quite enchanting, this beach is located in Kemadang Village, Tanjungsari District, Gunungkidul Regency or approximately 20 km south of Wonosari city or about 65 km from Yogyakarta City.

Besides having a beautiful natural panorama with a wide stretch of white sand and challenging waves, this Baron Jogja Beach Tourism Area also has an underground river mouth that flows into the sea which can be used for bathing after playing around the beach. In addition, tourists can also enjoy a variety of fresh and ready-to-eat sea fish because on Baron Beach there are facilities such as fish auctions, children's games, motorized boats, and also rows of shops offering various types of souvenirs ranging from sirkaya fruit, plantains. , soursop, and various kinds of souvenirs made from sea shells. Many souvenirs made from shells that are sold at Baron Gunungkidul Beach are brooches, shell curtains, decorative lamps, mirrors decorated with coral, figurines, and various animal characters which are also made from sea shells.

There is an interesting thing in the Baron Beach area of ​​Jogja, in every Syuro month of the Javanese year the fishing community around Baron Beach holds a Marine Alms Ceremony which is an expression of gratitude to God Almighty for the abundant fish harvest and safety when fishing in the sea.

Previously, most of the people around Baron Beach were not fishermen but farmers who cultivated the gardens. Once there was someone who started fishing on the beach and got a lot of fish, then many people followed him to catch fish. The longer the fish were on the beach, the less the community tried to catch fish in the middle of the sea using wooden rafts. The existence of this ship on the beach was because one day there was a fisherman tragedy while fishing in the middle of the sea bitten by a shark this news was spread everywhere and made the government donate boats for the fishermen at Baron Beach.

Access to Baron Gunungkidul Beach Tourism Locations

To go to the location of the Baron Beach Tourism Area, there are several transportation options that you can use. Such as using taxis, public buses, or private vehicles, both cars, and motorbikes. For those of you who want to go to Baron Beach by using public transportation, the public transportation routes that you can take are: From Tugu Station to Giwangan Terminal, take the Trans-Jogja bus with the 1A route, at the Adisucipto Airport shelter you have to change bus line 3B—the bus route that goes to Giwangan Terminal. The one-way fee is IDR 3,000.00-. From Adisucipto Airport, you can take the Trans-Jogja bus line 3B directly to the Giwangan Terminal. The bus fare from the airport to Giwangan Terminal is IDR 3000.00-. Arriving at Giwangan Terminal, you can take a minibus heading for Yogyakarta-Wonosari with a distance of between 1 and 2 hours. After arriving at Wonosari, the journey continues with a minibus that goes to the Baron Beach Tourism Object. See also Jogja Krakal Beach, Beach Tourism with Enchanting Natural Enchantment.

That is a glimpse of Baron Beach Tourism, I hope this review of Baron Gunungkidul Beach, Enjoying the Estuary of the Exotic Underground River can be a reference for you to get to know this beach tourism in Gunungkidul Regency more closely. Hopefully useful and happy visit.

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Jogja Krakal Beach, Beach Tourism With Enchanting Natural Charm

Krakal Beach Tourism Yogyakarta - Krakal Beach is one of the beach tourism objects in Gunungkidul Regency which offers the beauty of its natural charm with clean white sand combined with rocks around the beach. The Gunungkidul Krakal Beach Tourism Area stretches at the end of a series of beaches on the southeastern side of Gunungkidul Regency, including Baron and Kukup Beaches. Krakal Beach is located in the village area of ​​Ngestirejo, Tanjungsari District, about 65 km from the city of Yogyakarta, which can be reached in approximately 3 hours.

On the way to the location of the Krakal Beach Tourism Area, visitors will be presented with a stunning natural landscape, namely limestone hills interspersed with rock terraces. This is a characteristic of kart areas managed by residents. Based on geological research, in ancient times the Krakal area was the base of the ocean which, through the lifting process, the seabed was getting higher and higher and finally appeared as a plateau. The rocks that appeared at that time were the former homes of coral animals that lived in the ocean at that time.

The length of Krakal Beach, which reaches 40,000 meters, makes this beach the longest beach in Gunungkidul Regency. Some opinions even without hesitation call Krakal the most beautiful. The west and east sides are bounded by cliffs. Besides being able to enjoy the natural charm of Krakal Beach, visitors can also play with the waves on Krakal Beach.

There is one thing that is unique in the Yogyakarta Krakal Beach area, namely the appearance of various ornamental fish at certain times. When the sea is receding, large ornamental fish such as Kepe, Busted, and Pogat appear as well as the small Tliger ornamental fish. The appearance of ornamental fish usually coincides with the appearance of moss when the dry season comes. These fish also appear more at the beginning of the month than at the end of the month.

With its attractive natural charm, several travel agencies in Central Java and Yogyakarta have also started promoting this beautiful beach and beach managers have started to improve it. The plan is to build a resort near the Krakal Beach Tourism Object as a supporting facility.

For visitors who want to enjoy the charm of nature or unwind from work routines or other things, if you want to visit Krakal Beach you can use private vehicles or public transportation. Access to the beach is also quite good because all the way to the beach is paved. Meanwhile, the facilities at Krakal Beach are also quite adequate, such as food stalls and lodging.

Thus a brief review of Yogyakarta's Krakal Gunungkidul Beach, all information regarding this beach tourist attraction is summarized from various sources. I hope this can be a reference for you to get to know more about Yogyakarta Krakal Beach, Beach Tourism with its Enchanting Natural Enchantment. Thank you and hope it is useful.

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Banyu Tibo Beach, Enchanting Beach Tourism in Pacitan

Banyu Tibo Beach Tourism Object Pacitan - Banyu Tibo Beach is a beach tourism object that presents quite beautiful natural panoramas that are rarely found on beaches in Indonesia. The beach is located in Widoro Village which borders Central Java and East Java besides being decorated with clean white sand, Banyu Tibo Beach also has a waterfall that flows directly to the beach.

This Waterfall in the Banyu Tibo Beach Tourism Area is formed from a tributary that empties right on the shoreline. Because the location of the river is above the beach, the mouth of this small river forms a waterfall with a height of about 2 meters.

To enjoy the panorama of the waterfall in the Banyu Tibo Beach Area, if visitors want to go down to the beach, visitors can use the existing stairs or visitors can go down without stairs because the distance to go down to the beach is not too high, but visitors are expected to remain vigilant when going down because the waves around the beach can come suddenly.

To go to the location of the Banyu Tibo Beach Tourism Area is not difficult. It is about 110 km from Solo City. The easiest way is to find a route to Klayar Beach because this beach is not far from Klayar Beach Tourism. It is recommended that you use a private vehicle. Because this beach access has not been passed by public transportation.

Thus a glimpse of the Banyu Tibo Pacitan Beach Tourism Object, all information from this beach is summarized from various sources. Thank you and I hope this is useful... Enjoy visiting.

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Kuta Beach, Enchanting Bali Beach Tourism

Kuta Beach Tourism - Kuta Beach is one of the tourist spots on the island of Bali which is located south of Denpasar City, Bali to be precise in Badung Regency. Kuta Beach is one of the favorite tourist destinations for foreign tourists because it has hot weather suitable for foreign tourists who want to sunbathe on the beach. Kuta Beach has been a mainstay tourist attraction on the Island of the Gods in Bali since the early 70s. The charm of Kuta Beach Bali is known as the sunset beach or sunset beach because of its beauty when the sun starts to set, this is the opposite of Sanur Beach which is known as Sunrise Beach.

Previously, this Kuta Beach Tourism Object was a trading port where local products were traded to buyers from outside Bali Island, in the 19th century a trader from Denmark, Mads Lange came to Bali Island and established a trading base in Kuta, because of his expertise in negotiating made Mads Lange as traders who are quite famous among the kings in Bali and the Netherlands.

Kuta began to develop and become famous after Hugh Mahbett published a book entitled "Praise to Kuta" which contained an invitation to the local community to develop Kuta Beach by preparing all tourism facilities aimed at supporting the development of Kuta Beach Tourism Objects on the Island of Bali, from the book it made many people inspired to build Kuta Beach tourist facilities by building inns, restaurants or other supporting facilities.

In the afternoon the Kuta Beach Tourism Area begins to be crowded with domestic and local tourists because at this time many tourists want to watch a very beautiful sunset. In Kuta, there are already many shops, restaurants, hotels, baths, and sunbathing areas. In addition to the beauty offered by Kuta Beach, this tourist spot located in Badung Regency also offers a variety of entertainment such as bars and restaurants along the Kuta Beach Bali tourist attraction.

Access to Kuta Beach Tourist Locations

To get to the Kuta beach Bali tourist location, it takes about 10 minutes from Ngurah Rai International Airport to Kuta Beach. Transportation to get to this beach can be used, namely, taxis, private vehicles, or buses. If using the bus, it will stop at Central Parking Kuta. From Central Parking Kuta, you can continue your journey to the beach by public transportation.

That is a glimpse of the Kuta Beach Bali Tourism Object, all information about this Kuta beach is summarized from various sources, hopefully, it can be a reference for you to get to know more about the Beauty of the Kuta Beach Bali Tourism Object. Hope it is useful and thanks for visiting.

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Enjoying Sunrise Beach in the Tourism Area of ​​Sanur Beach Bali

Bali Sanur Beach Tourism - Sanur Beach is one of the most interesting places to visit on the island of Bali. This beach is located just east of the city of Denpasar, Bali. The Sanur Beach area has been famous since ancient times when the Puputan Badung war occurred on September 20, 1906, at which time Dutch troops landed their troops on Sanur beach. In the history of ancient Bali, Sanur Beach is also well known for the existence of evidence in the form of an inscribed stone monument (Blanjong inscription) which is an inscription from King Kasari Warmadewa who reigned in Singhadwala around 917 AD, where the inscription is found in Blanjong, the southern part of Object Sanur Beach Tourism.

The Sanur Bali Beach Tourism Object was introduced to the international world in 1932 by a painter named A. J. Le Mayeur was a Belgian citizen. The panoramic beauty of Sanur Beach made Le Mayeur decide to stay in Sanur and then set up a painting studio. Then Le Mayeur married a Balinese girl, Ni Nyoman Pollok, a well-known Legong dancer. Now the painting studio founded by Le Mayeur is turned into a museum which is located in the area of ​​the Sanur Beach Tourism Area.

Besides being famous for the beauty of its natural panorama, Sanur Beach Tourism is also known as Sunrise beach or sunrise beach, in contrast to Kuta Beach which is famous for its sunset beach.

Bali's Sanur Beach is now equipped with various tourist support facilities such as hotels, restaurants, cafes, and art shops. In addition to these facilities, a kind of small hut has also been built on the beach area which is used for seating or relaxing while waiting for the beauty of Sunrise Beach on Sanur Beach.

The location of the Sanur Beach Tourism Object is about 6 km from downtown Denpasar and can be reached by private vehicles such as cars or motorbikes. If you use public transportation, tourists don't need to worry because public transportation is very busy going back and forth between Sanur and Denpasar.

That's a glimpse of the Sanur Beach Tourism Object in Bali, all information regarding Sanur beach is summarized from various sources, hopefully, it can be a reference for you regarding the Tourism Object in Sanur Bali Beach, I hope this is useful, and thank you.

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Ciwidey White Crater Nature Tourism, Bandung

Ciwidey White Crater Tourism Object - Ciwidey White Crater is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Bandung, with stunning natural panoramas that make this Ciwidey White Crater tourist area have its own charm to visit.

Ciwidey white crater which is located on Jl. Raya Soreang Ciwidey 25 km from Bandung Regency, West Java. Access to the white crater tourist spot is fairly easy and can be reached by using public transportation or by private vehicle.

Kawah Putih is a volcanic lake formed from the eruption of Mount Patuha which has a height of 2,434 meters above sea level. Even though it is a volcanic crater, the White Crater can be reached directly by tourists, because currently Mount Patuha has been declared no longer active. The natural charm presented by Kawah Putih is so beautiful that Nature Tourism is so crowded with visitors, many young couples choose Kawah Putih as a suitable place to do pre-wedding photo shoots.

To get to the White Crater Nature Tourism, visitors must travel up the mountain, about 3 Km from the entrance gate. For those of you who bring a private vehicle, you can choose to park in the lower area and use the traditional "ontang-anting" vehicle provided by the tour operator to go up to the white crater location. However, you can also use your car to go upstairs and park your vehicle in the upper parking area. For those of you who have never been to Kawah Putih, don't forget to bring a jacket or thick sweater, because the temperature in this area is quite cold. To avoid the pungent smell of sulfur, you are advised to wear a mask. If you forget to bring one, don't worry. Before entering, many people sell masks to visitors.

Before entering the crater area, visitors must go down several stairs. From the height of the stairs, you can already see the natural beauty of Kawah Putih and the occasional smell of sulfur. If the weather is rainy, the crater steam can rise up and cover the crater area so that it looks like fog. At that time it is recommended not to linger in the crater area because the gas and pungent smell of sulfur can be harmful to health. In addition, in the crater area, there is a cave, which is called the Dutch Cave. This cave has been closed, so visitors can only see the mouth of the cave which has been sealed with boards by the tour manager.

History of Ciwidey White Crater

Behind the beautiful scenery of Kawah Putih, it turns out that this tourist spot was previously considered a haunted place by the local community. Mount Patuha by the local community is also called Mount Sepuh. The name Patuha itself comes from the word Old Man. It is said that according to local stories, on Mount Patuha there are ancestral graves, and is a meeting place for ancestors. So that the local people did not dare to enter the crater area at that time. Finally, in 1837, a German botanist, Franz Wilhelm Junghun, made observations of Mount Patuha and found a very beautiful volcanic lake which is now known as Kawah Putih.

This is a glimpse of Ciwidey White Crater, all information about this tourist attraction is summarized from various sources, hopefully, it can be a reference for you to get to know more closely the Enchantment of Natural Beauty of Ciwidey White Crater, which is Exotic. Thank you for visiting and have a nice visit.

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